What is SOC?
The Security Operations Centre (SOC) has been the backbone of cyber security defences for decades. Whether your SOC is in-house, hybrid, or fully outsourced, it should be a foundational part of your security infrastructure if it isn’t already.
Despite this, many SMEs either haven’t deployed a SOC or are struggling to mature theirs. In this article, we’ll explain what a SOC is, why it’s vital for modern cyber security, and the different SOC options available to businesses today.
What is a SOC in Cyber Security?
A SOC, or Security Operations Centre, is the nerve centre of a company’s cyber defence system. It monitors, assesses, and defends against cyber threats. This strategic unit continuously analyses and responds to potential security incidents. Beyond mere surveillance, the SOC proactively manages security posture to pre-empt, detect, and mitigate cyber threats in real time.
SIEM and SOC: What’s the Connection?
At the core of a SOC’s operation is the SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) system. This technology enhances SOC functions by collecting and aggregating log data across the company’s IT infrastructure. The SIEM system analyses this data to identify patterns that may indicate a security incident. Analysts receive alerts about potential malicious activity, enabling swift responses to emerging threats.
How a SOC Enhances a Business’s Cyber Security Posture
Incorporating a SOC into your cyber security strategy offers numerous benefits. It significantly improves an organisation’s ability to detect and respond to incidents, strengthening its overall security posture.
Benefits of a Security Operations Centre:
Enhanced Threat Detection:
A SOC provides real-time surveillance and analysis of an organisation’s data traffic and user behaviour. This improves the detection of anomalies that may indicate a cyber threat. For instance, in industries like financial services, SOCs are crucial. They enable early detection of potential breaches or fraudulent activities, protecting sensitive data and reducing downtime.
Faster Incident Response:
With a SOC in place, businesses benefit from structured response strategies. These strategies significantly reduce the time needed to detect and contain security incidents. For example, a SOC team can execute immediate containment actions such as Attack Disruption. This is vital in sectors like healthcare, where data breaches can have serious privacy implications.
Continuous Monitoring and Compliance:
SOCs facilitate continuous monitoring of security systems and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. This is especially important for businesses in regulated sectors like banking and healthcare, where adherence to standards such as GDPR or HIPAA is mandatory. Continuous monitoring ensures that any deviations from compliance standards are promptly addressed.
Proactive Security Posture Management:
SOCs help businesses shift from a reactive to a proactive security stance. By analysing threat intelligence and using predictive analytics, SOCs can anticipate potential security threats and prevent them before they materialise. This proactive approach is especially beneficial for companies that depend on safeguarding user data for their reputation and customer trust.
Considerations for Implementing a Security Operations Centre:
Resource Intensity:
Establishing and operating a SOC requires significant resources. This includes financial investment, advanced technology, and skilled personnel. For small businesses or start-ups, the costs of running a SOC might be prohibitive. As a result, they may consider alternative solutions like hybrid or fully outsourced SOCs.
Complexity in Integration:
Integrating a SOC into an existing IT infrastructure can be complex and disruptive. Challenges may arise, such as compatibility with legacy systems or the need for extensive configuration changes. Companies in industries like manufacturing, which may rely on older systems, could face significant hurdles in integrating modern SOC solutions.
Skilled Personnel Shortage:
The effectiveness of a SOC heavily depends on skilled cyber security professionals. These experts analyse security alerts and respond to incidents. However, there is a global shortage of such professionals, which can be a critical bottleneck.
Types of Security Operations Centre Integrations
Different organisational needs and resources dictate the most suitable SOC integration model. These models include internal, hybrid, and fully outsourced SOCs. Each option offers distinct advantages and considerations.
Internal SOC:
An internal SOC allows businesses to maintain complete control over their cyber security operations. This setup ensures that all decisions align with the company’s specific security policies and compliance requirements. For example, a financial institution handling sensitive client data might prefer an internal SOC. This allows them to tailor security operations to meet stringent regulatory standards.
Pros of an Internal SOC:
- Internal Business Environment Knowledge:
An internal SOC offers access to cyber security professionals who know your business infrastructure well. This familiarity is vital during incidents when quick decisions are required. The internal SOC team’s proximity and understanding of the company’s network enable swift reactions, potentially reducing the impact of breaches. - Customised Security Practices:
Companies with specific security needs can benefit from an internal SOC. They can customise monitoring, threat detection, and response strategies to suit their unique operational landscapes. This is particularly advantageous in industries such as manufacturing or healthcare, where there are specialised requirements for protecting intellectual property or patient data.
Cons of an Internal Security Operations Centre:
- High Operational Costs:
Establishing and maintaining an internal SOC requires significant capital investment. Costs include security technologies, continuous software updates, and employee training programmes. For smaller firms or start-ups, these expenses can be prohibitively high. - Requires Extensive Expertise:
Operating an internal SOC effectively requires a team of cyber security experts skilled in various aspects of threat detection and response. Recruiting and retaining such talent can be challenging and expensive. - Scalability Issues:
As the business grows, scaling an internal SOC to match the increasing volume of data and expanded infrastructure can be difficult. A rapidly expanding tech company, for example, might struggle to keep its SOC resources aligned with its growth. This could lead to gaps in security coverage.
Hybrid Security Operations Centre:
A hybrid SOC merges in-house oversight with outsourced expertise. This approach balances security management with cost efficiency and access to specialised knowledge.
However, the main challenge lies in managing the shared responsibilities between the internal team and the service provider. For a hybrid solution to work effectively, it’s important to establish clear SLAs and responsibilities in the contract.
Pros of a Hybrid SOC:
- Balanced Control and Expertise:
A hybrid SOC combines internal management with external support. This offers balanced control of security operations while leveraging the expertise of third-party providers. This model is ideal for businesses with some internal capabilities that also value specialised knowledge. For example, a retail company with a significant online presence might manage day-to-day security internally but rely on external experts for advanced threat analysis and forensics. - Cost-Effective Solution:
Hybrid SOCs can be more cost-effective than fully internal ones. They allow companies to outsource complex, resource-intensive security tasks that would otherwise require expensive in-house expertise and tools. This setup helps businesses manage costs without compromising the quality of their security operations. - Scalability and Flexibility:
With a hybrid SOC, companies can scale their security operations based on current needs and threats. They can do this without the overhead of staffing and maintaining a large in-house team. This model provides flexibility to adjust the level of external support as the business environment or threat landscape changes.
Cons of a Hybrid SOC:
- Potential Coordination Challenges:
The division of responsibilities between in-house and external teams can lead to coordination and communication challenges. Ensuring seamless integration and clear communication channels is crucial, but can be complex. Businesses in the finance sector, where rapid decision-making is essential, might find these challenges impacting their ability to respond swiftly. - Varying Levels of Service and Security:
Depending on the external provider, there might be inconsistencies in the level of service and security practices compared to what an internal team might adhere to. This variance can pose a risk if not managed properly. - Dependency on Third-Party Providers:
While hybrid SOCs provide access to external expertise, they also create a dependency on third-party providers. This can be a risk if the provider faces downtime, breaches, or other issues. Companies handling sensitive information need to carefully assess the reliability and security credentials of their SOC partners.
Fully Outsourced Security Operations Centre:
For many organisations, a fully outsourced SOC is the most viable option. It reduces operational costs and eliminates the need for internal cyber security expertise. However, this model may result in reduced control and precision for cyber security operations if a business partners with an unsuitable managed SOC provider.
Pros of a Fully Outsourced SOC:
- Cost Efficiency:
Outsourcing the SOC function can significantly reduce operational expenses. Companies save on staffing, training, software, and infrastructure costs. For example, SMEs with limited budgets can benefit from the high-level expertise and advanced technology offered by specialised SOC providers without the capital expenditure. - Access to Expertise and Advanced Technology:
By outsourcing to a specialised SOC provider, companies gain access to top-tier cyber security expertise and cutting-edge technology. Providers typically employ seasoned cyber security professionals who can help businesses create custom cyber roadmaps to meet long-term security objectives. - Focus on Core Business Functions:
With security monitoring outsourced, businesses can focus more on their core activities without the distraction of managing a Security Operations Centre. This can lead to greater productivity and efficiency across the business.
Cons of a Fully Outsourced SOC:
- A Saturated Cyber Market:
A significant downside of outsourcing a SOC is finding the right partner. With the boom in the cyber industry over the past few years, many pre-existing MSPs or new start-ups are offering managed SOC services. The difficulty is that SOC-as-a-service or MDR requires a large, dedicated resource to ensure optimal performance and customer protection. - Dependency and Vendor Lock-In:
Relying on an external SOC provider can create technological dependency, especially when tech licences are owned by the provider. Many managed SOC providers insist that technology licensing is procured through them if they have a relationship with a key vendor.
What a Cyber Risk Owner Should Look for When Procuring a SOC Managed Service
Provider’s Expertise and Reputation:
It is critical to select a provider with a solid reputation and a proven track record in offering a managed Security Operations Centre service. This service requires a vast amount of dedicated time and resources to offer managed threat detection and response. If a provider offers Security Operations Centre as part of a broader portfolio, be sure to question how much dedicated resource is being put into the SOC service.
Service Customisation and Flexibility:
Ensure the Security Operations Centre service is flexible enough to adapt to your specific needs and security requirements. The ability to tailor services is crucial for aligning with your organisation’s unique environment.
Alignment with Business Goals:
Choose a Security Operations Centre Managed Service that aligns with your overall business and cyber security goals. This ensures that the service supports, rather than hinders, your organisational objectives.
MDR Buyers Guide
For more guidance on what to look for in a Managed Security Operations Centre Service or MDR provider, download our MDR Buyers Guide.
